Lewis & Clark College History Department

Historical Materials

Historical Materials (History 300) is a course at Lewis & Clark College required of all students who plan to graduate with a BA in History. The History faculty believe that in order to be successful practitioners and discerning readers of historical writing students need to be familiar with the ways in which historians go about their business. The course is intended to introduce students to the variety of materials that historians (both students and professionals) use in writing history and to provide practice in how to find and use them.

This website is designed to be a guide to the most useful research tools for undergraduate students. It is based on the resources of the Aubrey Watzek Library at Lewis & Clark College. Each section will identify resources available in both print and electronic form at the Watzek Library and will include links to selected websites on the internet.

• Finding Books
  • Electronic Bibliographic Databases
  • Print Bibliographies
• Finding Journal Articles
• Finding Book and Film Reviews
• Finding Historial Visual Materials
• Archives/Manuscript Collections
• Periodicals as Primary Sources
• Biographical Sources
• Newspapers
• Edited Document Sets in Print
• Primary Historical Documents on the Web
• Place Names, Gazetteers, Maps and Atlases
• Statistical Materials
• Documenting Electronic Sources

Finding books

There are thousands of ways to find books relevant to a history research project. The most comprehensive sources are several electronic databases, but older print bibliographies are still very useful and in many cases indispensable. Both are listed here.

Electronic Bibliographic Databases

Worldcat
This is the largest database for books, videos, recordings, maps, and any other materials owned by member libraries. It is updated daily. Worldcat can be searched by author, title, and key words through First Search, a gateway to over 40 bibliographic and full-text databases in a variety of academic disciplines. Access to these databases is through Research Databases on the Watzek Library homepage. Accessing this service from off-campus requires a Lewis & Clark email account login and password.

Historical Abstracts and America: History and Life
These are the most comprehensive sources for secondary historical material. They consist of short abstracts of books, articles ,and dissertations arranged by subject area and prepared annually. Historical Abstracts contains material published since 1954; America: History and Life contains material published since 1964. They can be searched by subject, author, and keyword, and can be limited by historical period. America: History and Life abstracts American material; Historical Abstracts does the same for all other historical subjects.

Other Library Systems
You can do a subject search in a number of on-line library catalogs. Choose "Other Libraries" on the Watzek Library homepage. It will guide you to library catalogues in the Portland area and to other major libraries. For ease of finding and borrowing books in the Portland area do your search on ORBIS.

Print Bibliographies

For print bibliographies in the Watzek Library refer to Bibliographical Checklist of Print Sources.

Finding journal articles

Articles are somewhat more difficult to find than books mainly because many journals have not been indexed and because different databases index different journals. The situation is steadily improving, however, and in any given search it is well worthwhile to search several different databases and books.

Electronic Databases

Historical Abstracts and America: History and Life
These databases can be used for finding articles by limiting document type in advanced search to "article."

Expanded Academic ASAP
A database of nearly a million articles published since 1980. Updated monthly. This is an excellent place to look for recent scholarly articles. You will get individual citations, abstracts and sometimes the full text of an article.

Academic Search Elite
A full text index for over 1,500 journals. Full text back to 1990 and index to 1984 for some titles. Updated daily. It is accessed through EBSCOhost. Off-campus users will need a Lewis & Clark login and password.

JSTOR

This is a rapidly expanding scholarly journal archive providing full text articles for most journal. Contents are provided from the beginning of publication of a journal up to 5 years prior to current date. Can be searched by subject, author, and title.

ECO
This is a feature of First Search for finding articles. Its one unique feature is that it indicates if the library subscribes to the journal where the found article is located.

Ingenta
(Formerly Uncover or Carl Uncover.) A database of current article information from over 26,000, multidisciplinary journals. Provides descriptive information about articles which have appeared since Fall 1988. Full text is available for some of the journals indexed. There are no subject headings. This is good for author/title searches and browsing through tables of contents of specific journals.

Arts & Humanities Search
Produced by the Institute for Scientific Information, contains records referencing many of the world's leading arts and humanities journals.

Project Muse
Full text articles from over 100 scholarly journals in the humanities, social sciences and mathematics published by Johns Hopkins University Press.

Finding Book and Film Reviews

When you use a secondary source, particularly a scholarly monograph, you should be alert to the interpretation being offered by the writer. A good way to find out what other scholars think about a particular book is to read a few reviews of the book.

An Index to Book Reviews in the Humanities Annual volumes from 1960 - 1990. Z1035. A1. I63

Book Review Digest 1905 - present. Annual volumes with cumulated indexes to 1971. Z1219. C96

Book Review Index: A Master Cumulation, 1965-1984. This is followed by annual cumulations from 1985 to present. Z1035. A1. B6

Combined Retrospective Index to Book Reviews in Scholarly Journals, 1886-1974. Z1035. A1. C64

Film Review Annual, 1981 - present. PN1995. F463

Historical Abstracts and America: History and Life
These databases also index reviews.

Academic Search Elite
A full text index for over 1,500 journals. Full text back to 1990 and index to 1984 for some titles. It is accessed through EBSCOhost. Updated daily. Use the Guided Search feature or add "reviews" to distinctive words in the title or author.

Book Review Digest

Online version of Book Review Digest in print, but it only goes back as far as 1983

Expanded Academic ASAP
A database of nearly a million articles including reviews published since 1980. Updated monthly. To find reviews use keyword search for author and title of book being reviewed.

Finding Historical Visual Materials

Art History Biblographies - print

Arntzen, Etta, Guide to the literature of art history (1980) Z5931. A67

Bibliography of the history of art: BHA = Bibliographie d'histoire de l'art (published quarterly1991-) N7510. B53

Chandra, Jagdish, Bibliography of Indian art, history and archaeology (1978) Z3206. J3

McCoy, Garnett, Archives of American art: a directory of resources (1972)

Archives of Asian Art - periodical (v. 51 1998 - present)

Art History Bibliographies - electronic

Art Index Retrospective (1929-1984)

Art Full Text, 1984-

Bibliography of the History of Art

An expanded online version of the print volumes of the same title. Indexes articles on European and American art from over 2,500 periodicals 1973 - present Updated quarterly

Grove Dictionary of Art Online

Web access to the 34 vols. of the Dictionary of Art (1996)

Art Literature International (RILA) - access via Dialog (consult reference librarian)

ARTbibliographies Modern - access via Dialog (consult reference librarian)

Images on the Web - Comprehensive Websites

Art History Resources on the Web
An incredibly comprehensive (and thematically organized) collection of art history links, ranging from prehistoric to twentieth-century art, including a decent section on non-European art.

Corbis

You may purchase visual materials from this site of over 2 million photographs and items of fine art.

Jacques-Edouard Berger Foundation
While this site is not exactly "comprehensive," it does contain some diverse exhibitions, from Botticelli to Burma.

Mother of all Art and Art-History Links Pages

A Sampling of Topic-Specific Websites

Images from History
Assorted paintings, maps, archaeological photographs, and so on detailing epochs through (mostly non-European) ancient and medieval history.

The Siege and Commune of Paris, 1870-1871
A phenomenal site, detailing the commune of Paris. It is a searchable (and of course, browseable) index of portraits, landscapes, caricatures, etc., complete with scanned images of the reverse sides of photos.

Guide to Tibetan Art, Theatre & Music
Links to many sites with information and images on Tibetan art. If you get lost exploring the links, you're also bound to stumble upon some other interesting Asian art sites.

Renaissance and Baroque Architecture
A decent amount of selected images of Italian, French and British architecture, prepared for use in a survey course at the University of Virginia's School of Architecture. or try,

The Library of Congress American Memory Collections
An incredible assortment of pamphlets, photos, music, documents, and other images, largely from selected themes in nineteenth and early-twentieth century American history.

Scenes from Vietnamese History
A bit difficult to read (some of the Vietnamese text does not come through), but nonetheless a fascinating compilation of images from ancient Vietnamese history to the seventies and eighties, with particular attention to the Vietnam War.

Images from Africa
The University of Pennsylvania's African Studies Center's selected (but large) collection of African images.

British Mezzotint Satires
A catalogue of 18th -Century British Mezzotint Satires in North American Collections. A catalogue of great use to students of the American colonial and revolutionary periods. The site also contains sample images.

Archives/Manuscript Collections

Students doing advanced history research may want to have access to manuscript collections. These are scattered in repositories throughout the country and the world. Rarely do these archives loan material, so a researcher must go physically to the source. Included here are guides to a few major archives. It is by no means an exhaustive list.

Print Guides to Manuscript Collections - Americas

Beers, Henry P.

Bell, Whitfield J. and Murphy D. Smith

Hammond, George

Hasse, Adelaide R.

1906	Materials for a bibliography of the public archives of the thirteen original states, covering the colonial period and the state period to the year 1789. 2 vols. American Historical Association, Washington, D. C. [p. 239, vol. 2] E172.A60 1906

Hill, Edward E.

Hinding, Andrea and Suzanna Moody (editors)

Kendall, Daythal

Matthews, William

Oregon Historical Society

Schmitt, Martin F.

Smith, Murphy D.

University of Washington Libraries

Westerberg, W.M., Kermit Westerberg, and Kristine Westerberg

Yale University Library

Electronic Guides to Manuscript Collections

National Archives and Records Administration

National Archives of Canada

UK National Register of Archives - Historical Manuscripts Commission

National Archives of Japan

Periodicals as Primary Sources

Older periodicals become useful primary sources in historical research. Indexing of these sources is much less complete than it is for more recent publications, but here are the most useful indexes. The best and most useful print indexes will always be kept in the reference section of Watzek Library.

General Histories

Bennet, Scott, et. al., (editors), Victorian Periodicals: a Guide to Research (1978) PN5124. P4

Altick, Richard D., Punch: The Lively Youth of a British Institution, 1841, 1851 (1997) PN5130. P8. A57

Bullock, Penelope L., The Afro-American Periodical Press, 1838-1909 (1981) PN4882.5. B8

Tebbel, John and Mary Ellen Zuckerman, The Magazine in America, 1741-1990 (1991) PN4832. T43

Periodical Indexes

Poole's Index to Periodical Literature (1802-1906) plus Cumulative Index AI3.P7

Reader's Guide to Periodical Literature (1890-) AI3.R4

International Index to Periodicals (1907-1965) AI3.R49

Social Sciences and Humanities Index (1965-1974) AI3.R49

Social Sciences Index (1974-1983) AI3.S62

Humanities Index (1974-1984)AI3.H85

Ulrich's International Periodical Dictionary, 1990 - current.

Wellesley Index to Victorian Periodicals 5 vols. indexes 43 of the major British periodicals. (Watzek has 16 of these.) This index contains an introduction to each periodical indicating editorship, proprietorship, circulation, and other information. All authors have been identified were possible - a major aid since most articles until the 1880's were unsigned. Unfortunately, there is not a comparable index for American periodicals. AI3.W45

Sader, Marion (editor), Comprehensive Index to English-Language Little Magazines, 1890-1970. 8 vols. (1976) Indexed by author. PN4836. S23. C65

Index to Black Periodicals (1950 - present) Annual volumes. [Title change from Index to Periodical Articles by and about Negroes] REF AI3. O4

A Classified Bibliography of the Periodical Literature of the Trans-Mississippi West, 1811-1967 (1972) Z1251. W5. W53

Union List of Serials in Libraries of the United States and Canada Third Edition (1965) This is not an index but gives useful publication information about periodicals - titles, place and date of publication - for nearly all serials (not newspapers) in the 19th and 20th centuries. The same information can now be found under individual titles online in Worldcat by limiting the search to "journals."

Poole's Plus (NCM - Ninteenth-Century Masterfile)

This is a searchable version of the old Poole's Index to nineteenth-century periodicals. The Nineteenth-Century version adds other indexes to the database. This site also includes newspaper indexes and indexes to government documents, British and American.

ReadersGuideAbs

Abstracts from popular magazines (1983-) updated monthly.

Making of America (University of Michigan)
Making of America (Cornell University)
This is a digital library of primary sources in American social history from the antebellum period through reconstruction. It is a major undertaking by the University of Michigan and Cornell University, and at present is located on two sites. As of February 2001 Making of America makes available the full text of over 33 journals from the period. It is searchable by subject as well as journal title. These sites also include over 8000 bookl from the period.

Biographical Sources

Biography and Genealogy Master Index
This is an index of indexes. It is indispensible. It will tell you in what index you can find an entry for over 4 million people.

Biographical Guides, Indexes, and Genealogies

Anonymous

1946-ff.

Biography index: a cumulative index to biographical material in books and magazines. H.W. Wilson, New York. REF Z 5301.B53

Burke, Sir John B.

1965	Genealogical and heraldic history of the landed gentry. 18th ed. Burke's Peerage, Ltd., London. CS425.B82 (v.1 only)

Hymanson, Albert

1951	A dictionary of universal biography for all ages and all peoples. 2nd ed. Routledge and Kegan Paul, London. REF CT103.H9 1951a

Kaplan, Louis, et al.

1961	A bibliography of American autobiographies. University of Wisconsin Press, Madison. REF Z1224.K3

Ireland, Norma O.

1970	Index to women of the world, from ancient to modern times: biographies and portraits. F.W. Faxon, Boston. REF HQ1123.I73

1988	Index to women of the world . . . supplement. REFHQ 1123.I73 Suppl.

McNeil, Barbara and Miranda C. Herbert

1980	Historical biographical dictionaries master index: a consolidated index to biographical information concerning historical personages in over 35 of the principal retrospective biographical dictionaries. Gale Research Co., Detroit, Mich. REF Z5305.U5 H57

Biographical Dictionaries: Universal

Anonymous

1806	Biographie moderne ou dictionnaire biographique, de tous les hommes morts et vivans. 4 vols. Paul-Jacques Besson, Leipzig. DC145.B55

1940-ff.

Current biography: H.W. Wilson, New York. REF CT100.C8

1980	Webster's biographical dictionary: a dictionary of names of noteworthy persons with pronunciations and concise biographies. G. and C. Merriam & Co., Springfield, Mass. REF CT103.W4 1980

1973-ff.

Encyclopedia of World Biography. 12 vols. with 20th century suplement in 6 vols. McGraw Hill. REF CT103. M27

Barnhart, Clarence L. (editor)

1954	The new century cyclopedia of names. 3 vols. Appleton Century Crofts, New York. REF PE1625.C43 1954

Burnet, John, et al.

1984	The autobiography of the working class: an annotated critical bibliography. Vol. 1 1790-1900. New York University Press, New York Z7164.L1 B95 1984

Clark, Barrett H. (editor)

1932	Great short biographies of ancient times: the middle ages and the renaissance. Albert and Charles Boni, New York. CT104.C47 1932

Launay, Andre J.

1967	Dictionary of contemporaries. Philosophical Library, New York. REF D11.L3

Michaud, Joseph Francois

1843-65

Biographie universelle: ancienne et moderne. 6 vols. Mmde. C. Desplaces, Paris. REF CT141.W45

1978-9

Obituaries from The Times [London], 1951-1975. 3 vols. Meckler Books for Newspaper Archive Development Ltd. Reading, England. REF CT120. O17

1979	Obituaries on File. 2 vols. Facts on File, New York, NY. REF CT120. L43

Biographical Dictionaries: National

British

American

Anonymous

Who was who in America. A.W. Marquis, Chicago. REF E663.W54

1946-ff.

Who's who in America. A.W. Marquis. E663.W56 [Latest issue at REF DESK, older one in Stacks]

Who's who of American women. A.W. Marquis, Chicago. REF DESK E176.W647 [Latest issue at REF DESK, older one in Stacks]

Cattell, Jaques (editor)

1967-ff.

Who's who in American politics. Bowker, New York. REF E176.W6424 [Latest issue in REF, older ones in Stacks]

McGill, Raymond D. (editor)

1893-84-ff.

The national cyclopedia of American biography. James T. White & Co., New York. REF E176.N2813 v.43--

Malone, Dumas, et al. (editors)

1935-ff.

Dictionary of American biography. 20 vols.+ Supps. and index. C. Scribner's Sons, New York. REF E176.D562

Thrapp, Dan L. (editor)

1988	Encyclopedia of Frontier Biography. 3 vols. Arthur H. Clark Co., Glendale, CA. REF CT103. T57

Other National and Regional

Boorman, Howard L. (editor)

1967-71

Biographical dictionary of republican China. 4 vols.+ index. Columbia University Press, REF DS778.Al B5

Library of Congress

1992	Research Guide to European Historical Biography, 1450-present. 4 vols. Library of Congress, Washington D.C. REF CT759. R47

Nairn, Bede and Geoffrey Serle (editors)

1966-1996

Australian dictionary of biography, 1788-1980. Melbourne University Press, Melbourne. 13 vols. with Index to vols. 1-12. REF DU82. A9

Routh, C.R.N. (editor)

1966-ff.

Dictionary of Canadian biography. 20 vols. University of Toronto, Toronto. REF F1005.D49 [v.1-12 + index in collection]

Tardiff, Joseph C. and L. Mpho, Mabunda (editors)

1996	Dictionary of Hispanic Biography. Gale Research, New York. REF CT 1343. D53

Biographical Dictionaries: Occupational

Anonymous

1967	Contemporary authors: a bio-bibliographical guide to current authors and their works. Gale Research, Detroit. REF PN771.C68 [Related series shelved with this, all series under title have common index]

1989	Biographical directory of the American congress, 1774-1989. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. REF JK1010.A5 1989

Allibone, Samuel and John Fosterkirk

1858-71

A critical dictionary of English literature and British and American authors, living and deceased from earliest account to the latter half of the nineteenth century. [and Supp.] J.B. Lippincott, Philadelphia. REF Z2010.A4304

Boia, Lucian (editor)

1991	Great Historians of the Modern Age: An International Dictionary. Greenwood Press, New York REF D14. G75

Jackson, Guida M. (editor)

1999	Women Rulers throughout the Ages: An Illustrated Guide. ABC-Clio, Santa Barbara, Calif. REF D107. J32

Kinsman, Claire

1975	Contemporary authors: a bio-bibliographical guide to current authors and their works. Gale Research, Detroit. REF PN771.C68 [Related series shelved with this, all series under title have common index]

1989	Biographical directory of the American congress, 1774-1989. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. REF JK1010.A5 1989

Kunitz, Stanley J. and Howard Haycraft (editors)

1938	American authors, 1600-1900: a biographical dictionary of American literature. H.W. Wilson Co., New York. REF PS21.K8

Newspapers

Newspapers can be an important source for many different kinds of historical investigations. To make the best use of newspapers as historical sources it is important to know something about the nature of this particular medium. Here are some books about the history of newspapers that may provide useful context.

General Histories

Smith, Anthony, The Newspaper: An International History (1979) PN4801. S54
Schudson, Michael, Discovering the News: A Social History of American Newspapers (1978) PN4855. S3

Copeland, David A., Colonial American Newspapers: Character & Context (1997)

Turnbull, George, History of Oregon Newspapers (1939) PN4897. O73. T8

Koss, Stephen, The Rise and Fall of the Political Press in Britain v. 1 The Nineteenth Century; v. 2 The Twentieth Century (1981-1984) PN5124. P6. K6

Lora, Ronald and William Henry Longton (eds.) The Conservative Press in Eighteenth- and Nineteenth-Century America (1999) PN4888. C598. C66

Lora, Ronald and William Henry Longton (eds.) The Conservative Press in Twentieth-Century America (1999) PN4888. C598. C664

Sloan, Wm David and Julie Hedgepeth Williams, The Early American Press, 1690-1783. The History of American Journalism No. 1. (1994) PN4855. H57

Humphrey, Carol Sue, The Press of the Young Republic, 1783-1833. The History of American Journalism No. 2 (1996) PN4855. H57

Huntzinger, William E., The Popular Press, 1833-1865. The History of American Journalism No. 3 (1999) PN4855. H57

Histories of Single Newspapers

The History of "The Times"[London] (1935)
Ayerst, David, The Manchester Guardian: Biography of a Newspaper (1971) PN5129. M33. G82
Davis, Elmer H., History of the New York Times, 1851-1921 (1921)
Berger, Meyer, The Story of the New York Times, 1851-1951 (1951)

Finding Newspapers

Nelson, Carolyn and M. Seccombe (eds.) British Newspapers and Periodicals, 1641-1700: A short title catalogue of serials and periodicals printed in England, Scotland, Ireland, and British America (1987) PN5115. N45

United States Newspaper Program National Union List 3rd ed. 1989 (on microfiche) Z6951. U5 Contains bibliographic, location and holdings information.

Brigham, Charles S., History and Bibliography of American Newspapers, 1690-1820 2 vols. (1962)

Vanden Heuvel, Jon (ed.) America's Newspaper Archives and Histories (1991)

Newspaper Indexes

Comprehensive Indexes

Palmer's Index to "The Times", (1790-1941) (microfilm #9 in Watzek)
Washington Post Index (1971-) AI21.W33
Bell & Howell Newspaper Index to the Christian Science Monitor (1967-) AI21.C46

New York Times Index (1851-) AI21.N25

The Wall Street Journal Index (1958-1996) HG1.W26

Local Newspaper Indexes Only indexes to local newspapers housed at the Watzek Library are listed here. Research libraries often have holdings and indexes for newspapers in their particular localities.

Oregon Spectator Index,1846-1854 AI21.O7
Library Association of Portland, Newspaper Index (1980-1984) (microfiche, but shelved in REF F884.P8L53) Indexes articles from the Oregonian, 1851- , the Oregon Journal 1902- , Willamette Week 19 and Business Journal 19
Eugene Newspaper Index, 1855-1870 F871.E9

Oregon Index - a very useful website
To find which libraries in the state hold which newspapers, you can search ORULS , a Union list of Serials.

Poole's Plus (NCM - Ninteenth-Century Masterfile)
In addition to periodical indexes, this site includes on-line indexes to several newspapers - New York Times (1863-1905), New York Daily Tribune (1875-1906), The Times (London) 1880-1890), Oregon Spectator (1846-1854)

This is a searchable version of the old Poole's Index to nineteenth-century periodicals. The Nineteenth-Century version adds other indexes to the database. This site also includes newspaper indexes and indexes to government documents, British and American.

Newspaper Holdings in the Watzek Library

The Times (London) 1785- (microfilm #9)
The Manchester Guardian - 1894-1903 (microfilm #828)
New York Times 1851- (microfilm #6)
National Intelligencer and Washington Advertiser 1800-1810 (microfilm #C-199)
National Intelligencer 1810-1869 (microfilm #C-199)
The Oregonian 1850- (1850- microfilm #3; 1990- on CD-ROM)
The Oregon Spectator 1846-1854 AI21.O7
The Catholic Worker 1933-1961 (microfilm#303)

Primary Historical Documents on the Web

This is just a sampling of some places where you can find documents online. It is certainly not exhaustive, and in many cases highlights some very specific interests. Keep in mind, too, that even though these documents are "primary sources," the very fact that someone (i.e. whoever designed the pages) collected those particular documents may imply a particular argument or perspective. This is much the same as would be the case with a printed reader or published collection of documents.

African History

Excerpts from Slave Narratives
This page gives examples of slave narratives, from enslavement to emancipation. Each narrative is merely an excerpt, and is introduced by some biographical information.

The Baobab Project: Narratives
A very interesting experiment with multimedia history. This page contains several African history narratives which mix written text with video, audio, and still images to reconstruct several topics in African history and the history of African art.

The Marcus Garvey and Universal Negro Improvement Association Papers Project
Largely a teaser for the Marcus Garvey and Universal Negro Improvement Association Papers (University of California Press), this site has some sample documents, not to mention some great photos.

The DIANA database at the University of Cincinnati College of Law
This site contains the full text documents of Resolutions and Recommendations adopted by the Council of Ministers of the Organization for African Unity, 1963-1971.

Photographic Archives: Middle East Map
A handful of photos of ruins, archaeological finds, and other historical materials from Egypt, Iran, Iraq, and the Sudan.

American History

Comprehensive Websites

Douglass
Selected speeches and essays, from John Winthrop to Hillary Clinton. Searchable, and browseable by speaker, by speech title, chronologically, or thematically. Not a bad way to find some generally well known speeches and/or speakers relatively quickly.

The Avalon Project
A pheonomenal and seemingly growing collection, assembled by the Yale Law School, of documents primarily from eighteenth, nineteenth, and twentieth century and US history - indexed both chronologically and by author/title.

Historic Documents of the United States of North America
This page links to a wide assortment of documents, from colonial America through the 1990s. There are various documents to be found here - many of which you can find elsewhere. Nonetheless, there are some rare gems, and even for the more well known ones , it is quite convenient. Full text versions of selected presidential speeches. Although certainly not comprehensive, it claims only to be a "resource for people interested in presidential rhetoric." It seems quite useful in that regard.

TEXTS
A chronological index to documents in or related to American history. Although technically spanning from the Magna Carta to the present, it is very much focused on documents from the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.

American Memory
Historical collections for the national digital library. Large amounts of information on a large array of topics in American History.

Core Documents from United States Government including text of bill of rights, declaration of independence, federalist papers, etc...

NUCMC
Library of Congress' National Union Catalog of Manuscript Collections.

NAIL
National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) Archive Information Locator. A searchable database that contains information about a wide variety of NARA holdings. 386,500 descriptions and 106,215 digital copies.

A Sampling of Topic-Specific Websites

American Prohibition: Selected Documents
Although there are some secondary essays on this site, it has many documents from the prohibition era, including some more than interesting visual materials (photos, political cartoons, etc.), as well as text documents.

The African-American Mosaic
Imaged documents (maps, pamphlets, etc.) which, although not entirely useful from a research perspective (often only one page or image is given), it certainly gives a feel for documentary and primary research.

The Emma Goldman Papers
Some selected images, documents, and guides to print sources concerning this highly influential early twentieth-century activist.

Vietnam War Bibliography
This site contains no documents, but is rather a lengthy bibliography (organized thematically) covering the Vietnam War, including government documents and documents on microfilm.

Civil War Women
Imaged and transcribed writings (diaries, letters, etc.) of women from the civil war era. Also has some great photographs.

Asian History

Latin America History

European History

Comprehensive Websites

Eurodocs: Primary Historical Documents from Western Europe
A great source, especially if you are interested in Western European nations other than the major powers; while the sections on Britain, France, etc. are good, this site contains links to documents covering twenty-three countries, including a section for Medieval & Renaissance history. Well worth a browse.

Eliohs (Electronic Library of Historiography): Documents Catalog(ue)
A small assortment of the full text of influential essays and publications, mostly from French and British history. Mostly in French and English, with a few German essays too. Quite good if you're interested in some original (untranslated) texts, which might be only available in translation locally.

The Online Medieval & Classical Library
An impressive collection of texts (some translated, some not). It is searchable, and browseable (by title, author, genre, and original language).

Hanover Historical Texts Project
A nice selection of documents. Although some are readily available in any library, others are more unique and interesting than most text collections on the Web. This site (which is still under construction) is linked to the Text and Documents main homepage which, although organized geographically and thematically, requires a bit of wading to find the most useful primary sources.

WESSWEB (Western European Specialists Section): Electronic Text Collections in Western European Literature
Links to European (non-English) literature texts, in fifteen languages including Old Norse.

Avalon Project
Key historical documents in law, history and diplomacy from pre-18th century to 20th century. Includes major collections by subject.

A Sampling of Topic-Specific Sites

The Marx/Engels Archive
Full text documents of much of the duo's writings, including a photo gallery and some selected writings from other influential communist, socialist, and anarchist thinkers. If interested, Hanover also has an other Marx site, with both published writings and private letters.

French Revolutionary Pamphlets
Scanned images of the actual documents. If you read French, it's really worth a look.

Encyclopédie
A searchable text of the Encyclopédie. An unbelievable resource for anyone interested in Enlightenment Europe, and a generally impressive concept, for anyone.

G-Text Primary Source Archives
A handful of German political and military documents (translated, mostly), focused on Bismarckian and Nazi Germany.

Place Names, Gazetteers, Maps and Atlases

Place names

There are countless place name guides usually focusing on a country, state, or region. These guides can help the historian locate a particular place and will frequently help when names have changed over time. Place name guides often provide items of interest about local events or personages. Only a sampling from the Watzek Library of such place-name guides is listed here.

Sealock, Richard Burl.Bibliography of Place-name Literature: United States and Canada. 2nd ed. Chicago: American Library Association, 1967.

American Places Dictionary: A Guide to 45,000 Populated Places, Natural Features, and Other Places in the United States. 4 vols. Detroit: Omnigraphics, 1994.

Bell, Robert E. Place-names in Classical Mythology: Greece. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO, 1989.

Boone, Lalia Phipps. Idaho Place Names: a Geographical Dictionary. Moscow, Idaho, University of Idaho Press, 1988.

Coulet du Gard, Rene, Dictionary of Spanish Place Names of the Northwest Coast of America. 4 vols. Newark, Delaware: Editions des deux mondes, 1983.

Ekwell, Eilert. The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Place-names. 4th ed. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1960.

Gannett, Henry. The Origins of Certain Place Names in the United States. 2nd. ed. Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1905.

Gudde, Erwin Gustav. California Place Names: the Origin and Etymology of Current Geographical Names. 3rd ed. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1969.

Hitchman, Robert. Place Names of Washington. Tacoma, Washington: Washington State Historical Society, 1985.

Hobson, Archie. The Cambridge Gazetteer of the United States and Canada: A Dictionary of Places. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.

Holt, Alfred Hubbard. American Place Names. New York: Crowell, 1938.

Matthews, C. M. Place Names of the English-speaking World. New York: Scribner, 1972.

Mills, A. D. A Dictionary of English Place Names. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991.

Monaghan, Robert. Pronunciation Guide of Oregon Plalce Names. Oregon: Oregon Association of Broadcasters, 1961.

Stewart, George R. American Place Names: A Concise and Selective Dictionary for the Continental United States of America. New York: Oxford University Press, 1970.

Wright, Robin K. ed. A Time of Gathering: Native Heritage in Washington State. Seattle: Burke Museum: University of Washington Press, 1991.

Gazetteers

The name "gazetteer" has been given to a fairly wide variety of sources. Usually the term applies to a compendium of geographical, economic, and social information such as population, about a place. Gazetteers are often associated with maps and atlases. They have been compiled by governmental officials, by travel and promotional agencies, and by curious individuals. Only a sampling of several different types of gazetteers from the Watzek Library is listed here.

Cohen, Saul B. ed. Columbia Gazetter of the world. 3 vols. New York: Columbia University Press, 1998.

Abate, Frank. ed. Omni Gazetteer of the United States of America. Vol. 9. Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, Washington, Pacific Territories. Vol. 11. Appendices. Detroit: Omnigraphics, 1991.

Monro, David ed. Chambers World Gazetteer: An A-Z of Geographical Information. 5th ed. Edinburgh: Chambers, 1988.

O'Malley, L. S. S, Bengal District Gazetteer: Puri. Calcutta: Bengal Secretarial Depot, 1908.

Scott, Joseph. The United States Gazetteer. Philadelphia: F. and R. Bailey,1795 [microform]

Seltzer, Leon E., ed.The Columbia-Lippincott Gazetteer of the World. New York: Columbia University Press, 1997.

Maps and Atlases

Listed here are maps and atlases that have been compiled to convey historical information. They have been selected from the holdings in the Watzek Library. Naturally, older maps and atlases are important documents for the period they represent, and the history of maps and cartography is another subject of interest to the historian. For these latter two categories consult the websites indicated below.

Guides to Maps and Atlases

Makower, Joel. The Map Catalog: Every Kind of Map and Chart on Earth and Even Some Above it. New York: Vintage Books, 1986.

Historical Atlases: Global

Banks, Arthur. A World Atlas of Military History, 1861-1945. London: Seely Service, 1978.

Barnavi, Eli. A Historical Atlas of the Jewish People: from the Time of the Partiarchs to the Present. New York: Knopf, 1992.

Barraclough, Geoffrey ed. The Times Atlas of World History. Maplewood, N. J.: Hammond, 1993.

Bayly, C. A. ed. Atlas of the British Empire. New York: Facts on File, 1989.

Chaliand, Gerard and Jean-Pierre Rageau. The Penguin Atlas of Diasporas. New York: Viking, 1995.

Friesel, Evyatar. Atlas of Modern Jewish History. New York: Oxford University Press, 1990.

Gilbert, Martin. Atlas of World War I. 2nd. ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994.

Hammond Inc. Hammond Atlas of the 20th Century. Maplewood, N. J.: Hammond, 1996.

Hartman, Tom. A World Atlas of Military History, 1945-1984. London: Leo Cooper, 1984.

Hawkes, Jacquetta. The Atlas of Early Man. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1976.

Haywood, John, The complete atlas of World History, 1997

Keegan, John. The Times Atlas of the Second World War. New York: Harper & Row, 1989.

Konstam, Angus, Historical Atlas of Exploration, 1492-1600, 2000

McEvedy, Colin. Atlas of World Population History. Harmondsworth, N. Y.: Penguin, 1978.

O'Brien, Patrick K., Atlas of World History, 1999.

Segal, Aron. An Atlas of International Migration. London: Hans Zell Publishers, 1993.

Wheatcroft, Andrew. The World Atlas of Revolutions. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1983.

Wilson, Colin. The Atlas of Holy Places and Sacred Sites. New York: DK Publisher, 1996.

Ancient

Hammond, Nicholas G. L. ed. Atlas of the Greek and Roman World in Antiquity. Park Ridge, N. J.: Noyes Press, 1981.

Heyden, A. A. M. van der and H. H. Scullard. Atlas of the Classical World. London: Nelson, 1959.

McEvedy, Colin. The Penguin Atlas of Ancient History. Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1967.

Meer, Frederik van der and Christine Mohrmann. Atlas of the Early Christian World. London: Nelson, 1958.

Meer, Frederik van der. Atlas of Western Civilization. 2nd rev. ed. Princeton: Van Nostrand, 1960.

National Geographic Society. Peoples and Places of the Past: The National Geographic Illustrated Cultural Atlas of the Ancient World. Washington, D. C.: National Geographic Society, 1983.

Talbert, Richard J. A.. Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World, 2000

Americas

Barnes, Ian, The Historical Atlas of the American REvolution, 2000

Beck, Warren A. and Ynez D. Haase. Historical Atlas of California. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1974.

Beck, Warren A. and Ynez Haase. Historical Atlas of the American West. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1989.

Brown, Kent, et. al. eds. Historical Atlas of Mormonism. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1994.

Cappon, Lester J. ed. Atlas of Early American History: the Revolutionary Era, 1760-1790. Princeton, New Jersey: Published for the Newberry Library and the Institute of Early American History and Culture by the Princeton University Press, 1976.

Carroll, Bret E., The Routledge Historical Atlas of Religion in America, 2000

Esposito, Vincent J. ed. The West Point Atlas of American Wars. Vol. I. 1689-1900. New York: Henry Holt & Co., 1995. Vol. II. 1900-1953. New York: Frederick Praeger, 1959.

Farmer, Judith A. An Historical Atlas of Early Oregon. Portland, Oregon: Historical Cartographic Publications. 1973.

Gaustad, Edwin Scott and Philip L. Barlow, New Historical Atlas of Religion in America, 2001

Gaustad, Edwin S. Historical Atlas of Religion in America. New York: Harper & Row, 1962.

Gentilcore, R. Louis ed. Historical Atlas of Canada. 3 vols. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1987-1993.

Hayes, Derek, Historical Atlas of the Pacific Northwest: maps of exploration and discovery: British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, Alaska, Yukon, 2000

Marshall, Douglas W. and Howard H. Peckham. Campaigns of the American Revolution: An Atlas of Manuscript Maps. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1976.

Martis, Kenneth C. The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989. New York: Macmillan, 1989.

Martis, Kenneth C. The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts, 1789-1983. New York: The Free Press, 1982.

Miller, Alan William. Atlas of Oregon Gubernatorial Elections by County, 1934-1994. Richmond, Virginia: Klipsan Press, 1995.

Modelski, Andrew M. Railroad Maps of North America: The First Hundred Years. Washington, D. C.: Library of Congress, 1984.

Mollenkopf, John H. New York City in the 1980's: A Social, Economic, and Political Atlas. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1993.

National Geographic Society. Historical Atlas of the United States. Rev. ed. Washington, D. C.: National Geographic Society, 1993.

Nebenzahl, Kenneth. Atlas of Columbus and the Great Discoveries. Chicago: Rand McNally, 1990.

Nebenzahl, Kenneth. Atlas of the American Revolution. Chicago: Rand McNally, 1974.

Noel, Thomas J. Historical Atlas of Colorado. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1994.

Opdycke, Sandra, The Routledge Historical Atlas of Women in America, 2000.

Parker, Martha Berry. Washington and Oregon: A Map History of the Oregon Country. Fairfield, Washington: Ye Galleon Press. 1988.

Scott, James William and Roland L. De Lorme. Historical Atlas of Washington. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1988.

Stephens, A. Ray. Historical Atlas of Texas. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1989.

Stover, John F., The Routledge Historical Atlas of the American Railroads, 1999.

Tanner, Helen Hornbeck. ed. Atlas of Great Lakes Indian History, Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press, 1986.

Waldman, Carl. Atlas of the North American Indian. New York: Facts on File, 1985.

Wilgus, A. Curtis. Historical Atlas of Latin America: Political, Geographic, Economic, Cultural. New and Enlarged ed. New York: Cooper Square Publishers, 1967.

Europe

Adams, Arthur E. An Atlas of Russian and East European History. New York: Praeger, 1967.

Black, Jeremy. Cambridge Illustrated Atlas, Warfare: Renaissance to Revolution, 1492-1792. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996.

Charlesworth, Andrew. ed. An Atlas of Rural Protest in Britain, 1548-1900. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1982.

Cussans, Thomas. The Times Atlas of European History. New York: Harper Collins, 1994.

Edwards, Ruth Dudley. An Atlas of Irish History. London: Methuen, 1973.

Falcus, Malcolm and John Gillingham. Historical Atlas of Britain. New York: Continuum, 1981.

Gilbert, Martin. Atlas of Russian History. 2nd ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.

Hupchick, Dennis P. and Harold E. Cox. A Concise Historical Atlas of Eastern Europe. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1996.

Lobel, M. D. The British Atlas of Historic Towns. 3 vols. New York: Oxford University Press, 1969-1989.

Mackay, Angus. Atlas of Medieval Europe. London: Routledge, 1997.

McEvedy, Colin. The Penguin Atlas of Medieval History. Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin Books, 1961, 1983.

United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Historical Atlas of the Holocaust. New York: MacMillan Pub. , 1995.

Asia

Aharoni, Yohanan and Michael Avi-Yonah. The Macmillan Bible Atlas. New York: Macmillan, 1993.

Brice, William C. ed. An Historical Atlas of Islam. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1981.

Cao Wanru ed. An Atlas of Ancient Maps in China. Beijing: Wen we chu pan she, 1990.

Cao Wanru ed. An Atlas of Ancient Maps in China: The Ming Dynasty. Beijing: Wen we chu pan she, 1994.

Freeman-Grenville, G. S. P. Historical Atlas of the Middle East. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1993.

Habib, Irfan. An Atlas of the Mughal Empire: Political and Economic Maps with Detailed Notes, Bibliography, and Index. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1982.

Hermann, Albert. An Historical Atlas of China. Chicago: Aldine Publishing, 1966.

Pluvier, Jan M. Historical Atlas of South-East Asia. New York: E. J. Brill, 1995.

Robinson, Francis. Atlas of the Islamic World Since 1500. New York: Facts on File, 1982.

Schwartzberg, Joseph E. ed. A Historical Atlas of South Asia. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1978.

Summers, Harry G. Historical Atlas of the Vietnam War. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1995.

Africa

Ajayi, J. F. Ade and Michael Crowder eds. Historical Atlas of Africa. Leeds: Longmans Group, 1985.

Freeman-Greville, G. S. P. The New Atlas of African History. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1991.

Comprehensive Websites

Perry-Castañeda Library Map Collection
A good collection of historical maps (mostly nineteenth and early twentieth century) from around the world (although mostly drawn by European cartographers). The Perry Castañeda Library Map Collection also hosts an incredibly comprehensive assortm ent of modern maps.

John R. Borchert Map Library

A Sampling of Topic-Specific Websites

Rare Map Collection at the Hargrett Library
A sampling of the University of Georgia's rare map collection. Some great images of Renaissance European cartography and early American maps, with a particular focus on colonial Georgia. Well worth a visit.

The Tracy W. McGregor Room
A cartographic history of American westward expansion, focusing on the Lewis and Clark expedition. Also includes some great early European maps of America.

Historic Maps of Dutch Cartographers
A handful of seventeenth century Dutch maps.

Digital Map Archives
Just a few historical maps of Europe, to whet the appetite.

Panoramic Maps
About 1700 idealized schematic views of American towns from 1847-1921.

Historic Cities

Old Maps
Maps of 1848-1899 covering England, Scotland and Wales.

Statistical Materials

Print Sources

Derks, Scott (editor)

1994	The Value of a Dollar, 1860-1989. Gale Research, Detroit. REF HB235. U6 V35

Dodd, Donald B. (editor)

1993	Historical statistics of the states of the United States: Two Centuries of the Census, 1790-1990, Greenwood Press, Westport, CN REF HA214. D63

Kurian, Geroge Thomas (editor)

2001	Datapedia of the United States, 1790-2005. 2nd ed. Bernan Press, Lanham, MD REF HA202. K87

Littman, Mark S. (editor)

1998	A statistical portrait of the United States: social conditions and trends. Bernan Press, Lanham, MD REF HA214. S84

Mitchell, Brian (editor)

1962	Abstract of British historical statistics. Cambridge University Press. REF HA1135.M35

1971	Second abstract of British historical statistics. REF HA1135.M52

1998	International historical statistics, Africa, Asia and Ociana, 1750-19 . 3rd. ed. Stockton Press, New York, NY. REF HA4675. M55

1998	International historical statistics, Europe, 1750-1993. 4th. rev. ed. Stockton Press, New York, NY. REF HA1107. M5

1998	International historical statistics, the Americas, 1750-1993. 4th ed. Stockton Press, New York, NY. REF HA1175.M55

United States, Dept. of Commerce

1973	Historical statistics of the United States, Colonial Times to 1970. Bicentennial Edition. 3rd. rev. ed. Bureau of the Census, Washington D.C. REF HA202. B87

Urquhart, M. C. and K. A. H. Buckley (editors)

1965	Historical statistics of Canada. Macmillan, Toronto REF HA746. U7

Websites

Berinstein, Paula

Datafiles of Historical Prices and Wages
Prepared by the International Institute of Social History in Amsterdam, this site is an ongoing collection of datafiles from the early modern period to the twentieth century.

NACJD Archive
This site contains the data and documentation for most of the data stored at the National Archive of Criminal Justice Data. It is both searchable (by titles, investigators, or abstracts), or browsable by title and subject. Information must be downloaded, not viewed online, and you will be asked to register with your email address before retrieving any information (to affirm that you agree to cite their information properly).

Historical Crime Statistics
Selected information about selected US cities, generally from the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.

Documenting Electronic Sources

A handy guide to the new and sometimes baffling question of how to cite materials found on the Internet. Prepared by Susan Hubbuch, Director of the Lewis & Clark Writing Center.